A Modified Square-Shaped Slotted Patch Antenna Based on Defective Ground Structure for Wireless Communication

The slot inserted patch antenna with a modified square shape is examined for a multiband application. To achieve compactness structure in the shape of meander, lines are etched on the bottom surface of the designed antenna. The suggested antenna results in penta band in nature with resonating frequencies 3.86, 5.75, 8.75, 12.85, and 15.20 GHz. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is used to simulate the designed antenna. A low cost substrate FR4 with loss tangent (δ) having relative permittivity 4.4 is used for designing the antenna. Using finite element method, antenna is simulated and optimized using HFSS simulator software for good results. The proposed antenna has dimensions of 3.3 × 2.4 × 0.16 cm. Optimized antenna is fabricated using a photolithography process, which results in good return loss up to − 43.51 dB, with gain around 5.66 dB and also exhibits bandwidth about 34.78%. Experimental results are measured using ENA Vector Analyzer Model E5063A. The antenna finds application in the field of Wi-Fi, 5G mobile communication, ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical), and RADAR.