Human Interactions and Earth Processes: Case Studies of Landslide-Generated Tsunamis in Indonesia

The geological or earth processes and humans interact inevitably, giving impacts to modern society and civilization. Indonesia, a country in Southeast Asia, is prominent to its georisks and has experienced these earth processes that greatly impacted human lives. One of the most overlooked hazards is submarine landslides which pose hazards to the living environments by causing the loss of vital land along the coastline, the destruction of undersea facilities such as cables, pipelines, or oil wells, and, most critically, the damage of coastal communities caused by landslide-generated tsunamis. Assessing and minimizing these risks nearly always necessitates risk estimation in circumstances, where the potential associated with those various hazard events is difficult to gauge. Herein we will present a critical review of the exemplary cases of submarine landslides that trigger tsunamis to Indonesian coastal communities, how these impacted humans and building environments, as well as propose, in terms of human dimension; the interaction, mitigation, and coping mechanism to these earth processes.