Surface and Underground Water Challenges in the Delta Region of Bangladesh

The surface and groundwater sources in Bangladesh are getting contaminated due to rapid unplanned urbanization and high population density. These water sources are contaminated from toxic trace metals, untreated industrial effluents, improper disposal of domestic waste, and agricultural runoffs. Furthermore, the availability of surface water is not consistent because of seasonal variation. Due to shortage and inconsistencies in surface water supplies, groundwater acts as the mainstay for agriculture, industrial use, and household consumptions. The depleting groundwater level and contamination from different sources have become a great challenge for Bangladesh. This chapter will highlight the major causes of surface and groundwater contamination along with the potential water management strategies through human and policy intervention nexus. A complete scenario of recent water pollution status, challenges of safe water, and management approaches will provide insights and help in policy-making to address water scarcity challenges in the delta region of Bangladesh.