One-Dimensional Steady-State Drift–Diffusion Model of Perovskite Solar Cell

PerovskitePerovskite solarSolar cell is well known emerging photovoltaicPhotovoltaic technology that has the advantage of rapid efficiencies but has a limitation on instability issues that affects the current density and voltage characteristic. Hence, this paper discusses the mathematical modeling that accounts for the dynamic physics of the perovskitePerovskite solarSolar cell via drift–diffusion equations in steady-state. The equations were solved using the ODE boundary value problem via Chebfun and applying the folding method technique to solve equations in multilayers. The folding method can reduce the difficulty of the numerical procedure by folding the hole transport layer (HTL) and electrons transport layer (ETL) into one layer (blend phase layer). The finding shows that the optimum thickness for perovskitesPerovskite (500 nm), HTL (200 nm), and ETL (50 nm) thickness, diffusion coefficient acceptor (2.5 × 10−9 m2s−1), the resistivity current density of (0.0014 Am−2), and diffusion coefficient of the donor (1 × 10−6 m2s−1), and doping density (5 × 10−24 m−3) affects the J-V curve and the efficiency from 10.69% to 28.53%.