Numerical and Experimental Study of Photovoltaic Cooling Using Cascade Thermosiphon System

PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic (PV) technology is growing massively, despite facing land constraints. One of the solutions to this challenge is the implementation of floating PV systems. The objective of this research is to develop a passive thermosiphonThermosiphon cascade cooling technology specifically designed for large-scale floating solarSolar power plants, aiming to enhance power generation and efficiency. A numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the temperature variation of the cooling fluid within this system. Furthermore, the experiment was performed to validate the simulation process by comparing temperature and power parameters in four different configurations, namely (i) ground PV, (ii) floating PV without thermosiphonThermosiphon, (iii) floating PV with conventional thermosiphonThermosiphon, and (iv) floating PV with cascade thermosiphonThermosiphon. The results indicated that the operating temperature of the photovoltaicPhotovoltaic (PV) module when cooled by the floating PV with cascade thermosiphonThermosiphon configuration was lower compared to the conventional termosiphon model. Consequently, this led to a significant impactImpact on the increase of output power and efficiency compared to the ground PV configuration, with improvements of 8.48 and 8.67%, respectively, which are the highest among the others.