Characterization of Black Phosphorus Synthesized via Ball-Milling Technique for the Effect of Milling Media

Black phosphorusPhosphorus (BP), a unique arm-chair structure 2D material named for its distinctive black color has been known to have high energyEnergy storage and energyEnergy band-gap capabilities. BP is synthesized from the red phosphorusPhosphorus by using the ball-milling technique as an alternative to the existing complicated method which involves hazardous white phosphorusPhosphorus, high-temperature, and high-pressurePressure conditions. Hence, we investigated and compared the effects of using alumina, stain-less steelSteels, and agate media towards BP’s physical and structural properties. The ball-milling process at 450 rpm for 8 h has transformed the coarse red powder into a dark black color fine powder. The XRD analysis on the as-prepared powder revealed the existence of pure and crystalline black phosphorusPhosphorus. The Raman analysis indicated the apparent existence of BP structure synthesized in stainless-steelSteels and alumina media. Observation on the FESEM images showed the BP existed with nanosized and flaky-shaped microstructure.