A Systematic Review and Research Trends of Smart Learning Environments

Smart Learning Environments (SLEs) have evolved rapidly over the past 20 years. However, current investigations of SLEs have narrowly focused on specific technologies or have remained at the theoretical level without discussing the practical implications; the role and application of technology in teaching and learning aren’t sufficiently clear. The purpose of this review is to systematically examine the design and learning approaches of SLEs. This study employs a literature review method, specifically analyzing the literature on SLEs in the Web of Science database. (a) SLEs are globally recognized research fields, with contemporary studies emphasizing five key areas: technical support for SLEs, the design of learning spaces, teaching and learning ways in SLEs, SLEs models and assessment of SLEs’ quality. (b) Research mainly focuses on software devices like smart learning systems and platforms for technical support, with limited attention given to hardware devices. (c) The design of learning spaces is trending toward integrating virtual and physical elements. (d) Learning approaches in technology-supported SLEs focus on cooperative learning and autonomous learning. Finally, in view of the shortcomings of the current research, suggestions for future research are put forward.