Evaluation of Spatial Variation for Terrain Parameters Associated with Surface and Groundwater Quality Necessary for Sustainable Geo-environmental Condition

The soil and water conservation measures to be implemented for quality improvement mainly require consideration of the terrain issues. In the same manner, the groundwater resources from wells in the region have to be assessed for its quality so that its suitability for different needs can be ascertained. The inland salinity threats in the semiarid tropics can get aggravated during extremities like droughts and low monsoonal rainfall. During drought period, groundwater table lowers and deteriorates groundwater quality, thereby making it unfit for drinking, cooking, industrial and arboriculture needs. In this context, the study of spatial variation of water quality parameters can help in protecting the environmental geology and subsequent management of the geo-environment of the area affected due to various issues. The unfavorable geo-environmental aspects can be reduced by means of reducing surface and groundwater pollution, sheet erosion, landslides, and land subsidence. The assessment regarding variation in groundwater quality in spatial and temporal mode is required for suggesting the line of treatment to be given for the groundwater for its suitability in various usages apart from making it potable. In this context, the spatial and temporal variations of different water quality parameters ascertained through composite water quality index can help in suggestion of possible alteration to the land use pattern, trouble free exploitation of resources without unacceptable consequences, and suggestion of artificial recharging measures that do not cause pollution of geo-environment condition of the region. The geo-environment in the study has been treated as a sustainability measure, which can be improved through investigation and prioritization of conservation measures and practices through use of temporal remote sensing and other associated data to enable the evaluation of delineated watersheds in the area by analytical hierarchy process model approach, required to prioritize the watersheds leading to evolution of action plans for maintaining sustainable geo-environment.