IoT-Driven Civil Engineering Solutions for Smart Integrated Agriculture in Controlled Environment

Integrated farming is the blend of agriculture, animal husbandry, agroforestry, aquaculture, combining many activities that are interdependent on each other creating a well-developed ecosystem which demands enormous time and manual operations. Implementation of IoT technology in integrated farming elevates the intelligence of integrated farming by reducing the need for manpower and enabling automated decision-making process, thereby saving substantial amount of time resulting in sustainable farming. This paper discusses civil engineering, in design and implementation of IoT-based integrated farming using Arduino Uno. The work implements interdependent ecosystem that includes vegetation, greenhouse, livestock, agroforestry, aquaculture, and biogas plant. The agricultural land is planned and constructed for the required ecosystem. Further it is made smarter by interfacing various sensors from vegetation, greenhouse, livestock, aquaculture, and biogas plant to cloud through Arduino using communication module/Wi-Fi. The smart integrated farming system monitors and controls soil moisture, humidity, soil nutrients, soil pH, temperature, weather conditions required for vegetation, and greenhouse while monitoring various gases, pH, and temperature in biogas maintenance, along with pH, temperature, salinity, and water level monitoring in aquaculture. The work also monitors for fire and intrusion detection in livestock. The crops, livestock are chosen depending on the climatic conditions, soil type, and budget.