With the increase in ship scale and transportation demand, ship collision has become an important issue affecting the safety of wharf structures. To reveal the internal force and displacement response patterns of high-pile wharves under ship berthing impact loads, a series of numerical simulations were conducted using Flac finite difference software, and the reliability of different components was evaluated. The results indicate that the internal forces of the pile vary in a semi-sine curve under dynamic load, initially increasing and then decreasing. Under an impact load amplitude of 319.30 kN, the displacement amplification factors of different components of the wharf range from 1.22 to 1.74. The straight pile 1 and inclined pile 4 at the front edge of the wharf are the most sensitive components to bending moment and shear load effects, while the straight pile 6 is the most sensitive to axial pressure load effects. As the ship impact force increases, the reliability indices for bending and shear of the piles continuously decrease, showing an approximately linear relationship. The vertical bearing capacity index of the pile is much smaller than the bending and shear bearing capacity indexes, indicating that the wharf is primarily constrained by vertical bearing capacity and is more susceptible to axial failure.