Cellulose-based hydrogelsCellulose-based hydrogels have emerged as versatile materials with significant potential in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibilityBiocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable physical and chemical properties. Derived from one of the most abundant natural polymers, cellulose, these hydrogels offer a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic materials. Cellulose hydrogels, synthesized by forming a three-dimensional network through either physical or chemical crosslinking of cellulose or its derivatives, are well-regarded for their high-water absorption capacity and excellent biocompatibility. The design of cellulose-based hydrogels involves modifications at the molecular level, allowing control over parameters like porosity, water retention, mechanical strength, and responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Their unique characteristics include high water content, mechanical resilience, and the capacity to incorporate bioactive molecules, making them ideal for diverse biomedical uses. Applications span wound healingWound healing and drug deliveryDrug delivery systems to tissue engineeringTissue Engineering (TE) scaffoldsScaffold and biosensors. In wound healing, cellulose hydrogels provide a moist environment that facilitates tissue repair, while in drug delivery, they allow for controlled release of therapeutic agents. In tissue engineering, they offer scaffolding structures that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM)Extracellular Matrix (ECM), supporting cell adhesion and proliferation. Advances in cellulose functionalization have further expanded their applicability, enhancing cell interaction and material stability. Furthermore, recent advancements in nanocellulose-based hydrogelsCellulose-based hydrogels for tissue engineeringTissue Engineering (TE) have been extensively evaluated and documented. This chapter explores the design strategies, intrinsic properties, and wide-ranging biomedical applications of cellulose-based hydrogelsCellulose-based hydrogels, highlighting recent developments and future directions.