With the continuous expansion of the seismic bureau’s information network, the number of communication lines such as industry networks, early warning stations, internet access, and e-government channels has grown rapidly. At the same time, the number of access devices including routers, switches, servers, security equipment, video terminals, computer terminals, and printers continues to increase, leading to a higher frequency of network faults. However, traditional fault management approaches still rely heavily on manual operations, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lack systematic and intelligent management capabilities. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the design of a fault management system based on a distributed architecture. First, a fault information subsystem is developed to enable real-time access, localization, and maintenance of faults, significantly reducing workload, improving efficiency, and minimizing human errors. Second, to overcome the low efficiency and security risks associated with traditional monolithic management servers, a scalable and high-performance distributed service architecture is introduced. Finally, the system adopts a lightweight and cost-effective MySQL database to enhance stability, flexibility, and scalability while simplifying maintenance. The proposed system effectively improves the operational efficiency and management capabilities of the seismic bureau’s information network, providing a solid foundation for intelligent fault management.