Since its reform and opening up, China has seen rapid economic development and the vigorous implementation of anti-poverty policies, leading to commendable success in combating poverty and significantly improving rural poverty conditions. However, previous efforts in poverty alleviation often relied on relief-based and development-oriented methods, failing to establish a true endogenous mechanism for enhancing the capabilities of the impoverished. Currently, China’s poverty alleviation efforts are facing multiple challenges, including an increasingly concentrated rural poor population, significant obstacles in the alleviation of poverty, a high rate of individuals to fall back into poverty, a myriad of intricate factors contributing to poverty, and low educational attainment among the impoverished.