We will start with the definitions of relevant concepts, which is the foundation and starting point of the research in this book. Accurate and clear concepts form the research framework of the book. Moreover, the emergence of rural poverty is a very complex process, typically involving a blend of various poverty-inducing factors that together form a massive “poverty trap”. In this “poverty network trap”, there are internal as well as external factors, institutional and economic factors, historical and contemporary factors, and both resource-environmental and cultural-human factors.