Let us now explore the interactions between plants and microorganisms that invade them. Because plants produce nutritious, high-calorie substances like sugars and fats, numerous microorganisms invade plants to access these resources. Crops, which accumulate more nutrients than plants living in natural environments, face even more intense microbial attacks. Despite significant human efforts to protect crops—such as using pesticides and developing disease-resistant varieties—an estimated 20–30% of global crop yields are still lost annually to pests and diseases [111]. While parallel statistics among wild plants is unknown, to survive such life-threatening attacks and reproduce, plants have evolved various strategies. Notably, when under attack from pathogens, plants typically halt growth and switch from a growth-oriented mode to a defense mode, reallocating resources accordingly.