The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health concern, compromising the effectiveness of modern medicines and exacerbating the burden of infections. Traditional medicinal herbs, extensively used in Indian medicinal practices like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, have shown potential in addressing microbial infections via bioactive compounds with various modes of action. This study addresses the potential of Indian medicinal herbs in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), emphasizing their phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial actions, and interactions with current antibiotics. The research underscores the need for comprehensive validation, standardization, and incorporation of these natural treatments into global healthcare systems. Traditional medicine can be incorporated into AMR mitigation strategies to promote sustainable and accessible healthcare solutions, in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). This review emphasizes the promise of traditional Indian medicinal herbs in combating antimicrobial resistance, stressing the necessity for targeted study on their bioactive components, mechanisms of action, and clinical relevance to formulate sustainable and effective treatment options.