The degradation of soil quality due to industrial activities, agricultural practices, and urbanization poses significant challenges to environmental sustainability and food security. This chapter explores the use of nanotechnology in the restoration of degraded soils with special emphasis on contaminated soils. A general scenario of pollutants commonly found in soils was discussed, including metal(loid)s, pesticides, and persistent organic contaminants, and emerging ones were also included. The considered nanomaterials (NMs) to overcome the limitations of current remediation techniques encompass metal- and metal oxide-based nanoparticles (NPs), such as nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), carbon nanotubes, biochar-based NMs, and polymer-based nanostructures. The capacity of these NMs to be integrated with microorganisms to degrade, transform, or stabilize contaminants from soil was systematically addressed. The integration of NMs with conventional remediation technologies, such as phytoremediation and bioremediation, was analyzed to enhance the effectiveness of those technologies. The environmental fate of NMs used for in situ soil remediation technologies was also reviewed.