Vernacular methods, often rooted in local knowledge and materials, have historically provided effective solutions to the challenges posed by extreme heat and dry conditions. These techniques, such as passive cooling strategies, thick walls and courtyard design, have been adapted over centuries to optimize thermal comfort and energy efficiency. In recent decades, modern technology has emerged as alternative or compliments to traditional approaches. These include advanced materials and modern architectural designs. This study explores the evolution of housing design and modern construction practices in Hot and Dry climates. This study also considers few case studies of buildings located in the area of Hot and Dry region of Rajasthan. The study focuses on the thermal comfort index of the buildings with modern construction practices and provides the insights on the future construction technology in hot and dry region of Rajasthan.