With the rapid development of blockchain technology, its application in the commodity electronic trading market is becoming increasingly widespread. This study aims to construct a blockchain environment, explore the use of the evolutionary game method to analyze the impact of government behavior on traders’ adoption of blockchain transactions, put forward the “incentive-positive” game model, use the model example theory and incentive theory to analyze the two sides in the blockchain transaction of the evolution of the game of payoffs and benefits, and based on this simulation using Matlab software to study the transformation cost, government subsidy coefficients, and other factors. On this basis, Matlab software is used to conduct simulations to study the impact of the transformation cost of traders, government subsidy coefficient, and other factors on the game strategy. The study shows that when the initial willingness coefficient is 0.5, the final evolution of the game between the two sides tends to be similar to the government incentive, and the traders are active; thus, it can be seen that the initial willingness of the two sides affects the final strategy of the evolution of the system game, and the government raises the subsidy incentive coefficient based on which it has a significant effect on promoting the traders to use the blockchain transaction, so the government pays attention to the incentive strength in the designation of the policy, to formulate flexible incentive policy and maximize the social benefit—policies to achieve the goal of maximizing social benefits.