This chapter on the MH Act, 2017 is at the centre of all the other laws discussed in this book. The MH Act, 2017 explicitly seeks to align with the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (2006) and is seen as a significant advance over the earlier legislations. In this chapter three key perspectives are discussed: First, the world-views around MH are culturally located with their attendant protections and misses. The first section therefore, discusses the philosophical and cultural world-views, which interweave the laws as well. The second section discusses the data and empirical evidence relating to mental health disorders in India. The second section also delineates the key features of the law, that include an elaboration of the human rights of the mentally ill persons. The MH Act, 2017 also, specifies advance directives, decriminalization of suicide and importantly the governance framework for registration and licensing of clinical psychology professionals. The law specifies the architecture of mental health governance that intersects with the other legislations such as the ANAHCP Act, 2021 and the earlier RCI Act, 1992 The MH Act, further discusses key issues such as the admissions of children/minors, insurance for mentally ill persons and affirmative action in workplaces to be read in consonance with the Rights of Persons with Disability (RPWD, 2016). In the final section, a detailed discussion on social and psychological correlates of mental health diagnosis is delineated along with the implications for professional training of administration, public policy and psychology.