The chapter examines the phenomena of Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) with the objective to untangle the intersections of public policy, law and the psychological science. The first section of the chapter describes the phenomenon of childhood sexual abuse and the legal philosophical questions of age, age of consent, power and coercion. The POCSO Act, 2012 is described in brief. The third section identifies key conceptual and research frameworks in psychology to discuss the central questions in the POCSO Act, 2012, particularly in reference to the gaps in implementation as well as applications for professionals in psychology and public policy. The chapter closes with implications for future research questions and public policy advocacy.