From the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy, and especially from 1980, the one-child policy was the pillar of fertility policy in China. Overall, it remained so until a new policy permitting a married couple to have two children if either one of them were an only child was introduced in 2013. Aside from a short period of fluctuation in the mid- to late 1980s, the message that population growth should be firmly restricted through encouraging couples to have only one child remained unchanged. Meanwhile, the family planning policy was promoted to a higher political rank, chiefly reflected in the following facts: from 1991 to 2005, during the annual National People’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the Central Committee convened symposia on family planning work.