Disruptions to electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, such as blackouts or cybersecurity incidents, can hinder consumers’ confidence and impact the performance of shared EV (SEV) as an emerging mobility system. However, studies on the impacts of such disruptions are limited. In particular, there lacks a basic understanding of the system-level impacts of disruptions from emerging cybersecurity threats. This study focuses on the SEV systems’ vulnerability to denial-of-service attacks utilizing city-scale SEV trajectory data in Beijing, China. A data-driven simulation model is developed to account for realistic SEV travel patterns, charging events, and demand–supply interactions extracted from real-world data. The model evaluates the resilience of the SEV system to various attack models by capturing the operational dynamics, charging preferences, and adaptive behaviors of SEVs. The results show that compared with attacking the most highly utilized charging stations, attacking popular ones on the outskirts of the city is more likely to significantly increase stress on the charging infrastructure and reduce accessibility of SEVs, creating system-level impacts. The extra cost due to additional travel for charging and trip delays can be observed, which could discourage SEV users. And the interactions between SEVs and charging infrastructure could amplify the impacts by triggering cascading failures across space. These findings provide insights into designing mitigation solutions and enhancing the resilience of SEV systems against cyberattacks.