Water shortages pose a significant challenge to global food security, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Greenhouses and soilless agricultural systems represent a promising approach to addressing food production challenges and promoting sustainable agriculture. They provide opportunities to enhance resource efficiency, increase crop yields, and improve food accessibility. Greenhouses offer precise control over environmental factors including extreme weather events, facilitating year-round cultivation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional farming methods. Soilless systems like hydroponics and aeroponics conserve water and land resources while maximizing crop productivity. Despite their advantages, these systems face barriers such as high initial investment costs, energy use, technological and management complexity, and market accessibility issues. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for their widespread adoption and long-term sustainability. The objective of this work is to highlight the key concerns and emphasize the importance of greenhouses andsoilless systems in contributing to food security. Furthermore, the revision of previous scientific efforts to innovate new technologies for overcoming obstacles to their widespread adoption and to develop resilient and sustainable agroecosystems for future generations was also provided.