Climate change is a critical issue that influences greenhouse gas emissions from soil, with soil texture, pH value, and organic carbon being pivotal elements in regulating these emissions. Climate change is anticipated to elevate global mean surface temperatures, resulting in heightened demand on water supplies and an increased risk of plant infections by pathogens, which would adversely affect crop productivity and stability. Soil degradation is a significant issue resulting from climate change-induced alterations in precipitation, temperature, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, and elevated CO2 concentrations. This chapter underscores the vital significance of legume-based intercropping systems in enhancing resilience to climate change. Legume-based intercropping systems provide multiple benefits, such as improved soil nutrient cycling, increased water usage efficiency, contribution to soil carbon sequestration, protection of soil and water from erosion, disruption of insect and disease life cycles, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the soil. Thus, legume-based intercropping systems may function as a sophisticated agroecosystem strategy to mitigate the effects of climate change, ultimately enhancing agricultural sustainability and soil security across diverse agroecosystems.