In order to study the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI effect) on the seismic response of aerial pipelines in earthquake-prone areas, the finite element analysis method is used to establish the finite element model of aerial pipelines. The viscoelastic artificial boundary is used to simulate the infinite domain, and the influence of the SSI effect on the seismic response of aerial pipelines is analyzed by taking the pipeline stress, interlayer displacement angle of the pipe support, and the relative displacement between the pipe and the pipe support as the analysis indexes. The results show that the pipeline stress, the interlayer displacement angle of the pipe support and the relative displacement between the pipeline and the pipe support are quite different before and after considering the SSI effect. In the future design of aerial pipelines, the influence of the SSI effect should be considered more carefully.