DNA, as a storage medium, naturally has the advantages of ultra-high storage density, exceptionally long storage time and low energy consumption. These characteristics present a novel solution to the exponentially growing data storage demand, compared to traditional semiconductor-based storage systems. Current research on DNA storage primarily focuses on the design of encoding strategies to achieve high-density storage, efficient information retrieval, and address biological constraints. In this paper, vector images, resolution-independent digital images that remain sharp without distortion, were selected to design a targeted DNA storage and retrieval scheme. The novel mixed encoding scheme incorporates compression coding and an error correction mechanism to improve storage density, reduce errors during the DNA channel transmission process, and meet biological constraints by controlling GC content and homopolymer length controls. A visual interface software tool realizes the mutual conversion between vector images and DNA sequences, facilitating the storage, writing, and reading/recovery of vector images. The performance of the designed DNA encoding scheme was analyzed by computer simulation experiments, providing new insights for addressing challenges related to random access and editing and rewriting of information.