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In assessing water resources utilization efficiency (WRUE), multi-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely applied. This paper presents a two-stage approach that incorporates water footprint (WF) into the indicator system, providing a regional perspective on water resource utilization. First, two sub-stages, water use and wastewater treatment, are constructed, with agricultural, industrial, and domestic WFs as inputs for the first stage. Efficiencies are obtained through DEA-BCC and DEA-CCR models. Next, Pearson correlation coefficients are calculated to select features for K-means clustering. Focusing on 11 cities including Wuhan Urban Agglomeration, this paper assesses their WRUE from 2013 to 2022 and classifies decision-making units (DMUs) into three groups. Results reveal the low scale efficiency in wastewater treatment stage, indicating a need for further optimization in water resource allocation. Comparison with a single-stage model demonstrates the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of this approach, providing valuable decision-making support for the integrated utilization of water resources.

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Assessing Water Resources Utilization Efficiency in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration with Water Footprint on Two-Stage DEASort

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Xinyue Liu,
  • Lingjia Nie,
  • Ruoyu Ma,
  • Zhongyong Wan

摘要

In assessing water resources utilization efficiency (WRUE), multi-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely applied. This paper presents a two-stage approach that incorporates water footprint (WF) into the indicator system, providing a regional perspective on water resource utilization. First, two sub-stages, water use and wastewater treatment, are constructed, with agricultural, industrial, and domestic WFs as inputs for the first stage. Efficiencies are obtained through DEA-BCC and DEA-CCR models. Next, Pearson correlation coefficients are calculated to select features for K-means clustering. Focusing on 11 cities including Wuhan Urban Agglomeration, this paper assesses their WRUE from 2013 to 2022 and classifies decision-making units (DMUs) into three groups. Results reveal the low scale efficiency in wastewater treatment stage, indicating a need for further optimization in water resource allocation. Comparison with a single-stage model demonstrates the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of this approach, providing valuable decision-making support for the integrated utilization of water resources.