Virtual Power Plant and Blockchain-enabled Energy Trading Platform: A Decentralized Solution for Power Systems
摘要
Through the advent of Industry 4.0, automation systems have gained momentum in real-time processing, signified by low latency and quick dispatch of network resources, i.e., viewing, assessing, and sharing data. The principal goal of developing a VPP is to aggregate distributed energy resources (DERs) for demand response, scheduling dispatch, energy trading and renewable energy forecasting. The essence of the VPP platform is to support consumers with a flexible system to place their bids to trade power and cash in a bidirectional flow. For this course to be realized a modern trading platform has been suggested that fully incorporates blockchain technology, which supports the democratization of assets and participation of private and public asset owners, i.e., business-to-business (B2B) or business-to-consumer (B2C) business models. With the advancement of distributed ledger technology (DLT), energy can be transacted through smart contracts ingrained in Ethereum written in solidity, whereby every participant is assigned both private and public keys that enable contracts to be activated to allow energy transactions. Blockchain technology is believed to be the future as its core features such as immutability, and proof of work concept hinder cyber-attacks and easens recovery strategies of complex computation processes. Therefore, a VPP model intertwined with the blockchain/DLT model is proposed for electricity energy markets with the outcome of this study establishing the preliminary foundation for the future turnkey Inavitas trading platform, which will be commercialized to support Türkiye’s efforts in the digitization and decarbonization of the national power transmission network.