This chapter explores the emerging gaps in funding disparities and their impact on educational equality policy in China. The provincial structure of per capita funding is a critical factor influencing educational equality and is closely tied to the coordinated regional development of the country. This chapter analyzes the issue using the theories of educational equality, fiscal decentralization, and central transfer payments. Currently, per capita educational expenditure in China exhibits a regional hierarchy, with the eastern region receiving the highest funding, followed by the western region, and the northeast and central regions receiving the least. Although recent years have seen a narrowing of the regional funding gap, the uneven provincial structure of per capita funding continues to significantly affect the equality of educational opportunities, processes, and outcomes.