Dalbergia latifolia, commonly known as Indian rosewood or sonokeling in Indonesia, is a high-value tree species recognised for its aesthetic wood feature, strength, and durability. In Indonesia, the species is predominantly found in Java and West Nusa Tenggara, its wide distribution across Indonesia is resulted from extensive land rehabilitation efforts in the mid-twentieth century. International demand for D. latifolia surged after its inclusion in Appendix II of CITES, thereby ensuring its trade as legal, sustainable, and traceable. Although D. latifolia in Indonesia possessed good adaptability to grow in different climatic zones and is relatively easy to propagate, limited populations produce viable seeds, posing challenges to maintain genetic diversity and long-term sustainability. The species faces threats from illegal logging, land conversion, and fungal diseases, exacerbated by its slow growth and high market demand. It is imperative to implement robust conservation measures including propagation through root and shoot cuttings, the establishment of seed orchards, and the enforcement of regulatory frameworks to ensure traceability and sustainability. Genetic studies reveal a concerning low overall diversity within D. latifolia populations, with Central Java exhibiting the highest variability, underscoring the importance of implementing targeted conservation efforts in strategically significant areas. Sustainable management, including plantation establishment with diverse genetic stocks and legal trade compliance, is critical for preserving D. latifolia's ecological and economic value. This study provides a comprehensive overview that support the formulation of informed policies and conservation initiatives, paving the way for the sustainable utilisation of this invaluable species in Indonesia.