Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain, the Burmese rosewood, is an endangered timber species native to Southeast Asia, including Myanmar. Renowned for its high-value redwood, this species is extensively exploited, particularly for furniture production, fuelling its decline. Habitat loss, legal and illegal logging, and insufficient enforcement of protective measures have exacerbated the situation. Stand structural characteristics reveal the species’ preference for well-drained, calcium-rich soils and lowland forests. It thrives in sandy to clayey soils with moderate organic matter and low nitrogen content. However, its natural germination rates are low, necessitating intervention for restoration. Population analyses in Myanmar’s Sagaing Region, notably Zalon Taung National Park, highlight the damages caused by historical timber extraction, with significant gaps in diameter classes among existing trees. Conservation efforts remain limited, though strategies like enrichment planting, temporary logging bans, and stricter law enforcement are suggested. International timber trade poses a continuing threat, with substantial illegal exports reported. Efforts similar to restrictions by the CITES are crucial to restoring this species’ population and ensuring sustainable use.