Dalbergia latifolia Roxb., commonly referred to as East Indian rosewood, is a highly prized tree species sporadically found in its native habitats across the globe. D. latifolia faces various biotic pressures, including threats from insects, fungi, and bacteria. Thirteen distinct species of fungi are linked to diseases affecting nursery seedlings, root suckers, and trees in both plantations and natural environments. Additionally, over forty insect pests have been documented as threats to D. latifolia. Outbreaks of these pests have adversely affected the growth and productivity of the trees. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the major diseases and insect pests that impact Indian rosewood.