In today’s evolving discourse on childhood, children are no longer viewed as passive recipients of care or extensions of their parents, but as individuals with inherent rights. This chapter introduces the concept of child rights and underscores the responsibility of the state, society, and families to uphold and protect these rights. Anchored in the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the chapter explores how children can be empowered to be seen, heard, and protected. A strong emphasis is placed on the right to protection, examining how abuse, neglect, and violence like can constitute toxic stress that alters brain development and leaves lasting psychological effects. The narrative addresses the critical need to listen to children’s voices, value their opinions, and foster environments where their dignity is respected. The chapter also outlines the legal and policy landscape in India, including the POCSO Act, Juvenile Justice Act, and Child Marriage Act, while highlighting the importance of safe spaces at home and in society. It makes a compelling case for embedding a rights-based lens into all early childhood care and development frameworks, positioning child protection as a foundational element of human development.