Artists of the past used a variety of pigments, skills, and techniques to express emotions, depict their cultural environments and beliefs, and record events. Their work adorned everything from body art and valued objects to residences and places of worship. Gandhara was no exception to this tradition, producing numerous works celebrated as masterpieces for their skilled execution, technical sophistication, and colour schemes. However, a scientific analysis of Gandhāran painting remains lacking, primarily due to the absence of specialized laboratories and equipment in the region. As such, this type of analysis is beyond the scope of the present study. Instead, this chapter offers a brief historical sketch and an overview of the technical skills of painting in Gandhāra.