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Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as transformative tools in agriculture, offering innovative solutions to enhance plant growth, stress resilience, and productivity. Their distinct physicochemical properties enable efficient uptake, translocation, and accumulation within plant tissues, providing targeted strategies to mitigate environmental and physiological stressors such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity. This chapter underscores the multifaceted roles of NPs in enhancing crop performance, emphasizing their ability to improve water retention, regulate osmotic balance, and activate antioxidant defense mechanisms. At the molecular level, nanoparticle exposure triggers the modulation of stress-responsive genes, activation of key signaling pathways, and synthesis of protective metabolites, fostering improved plant adaptability. Additionally, NPs facilitate nutrient uptake and alleviate deficiencies or toxicities, further supporting sustainable crop health. However, challenges persist in ensuring the safe, sustainable, and effective application of NPs, addressing phytotoxicity risks, and evaluating long-term environmental impacts. Advancing research in biocompatible NP synthesis, elucidating plant-NPs interactions at the molecular scale, and integrating nanotechnology into precision agriculture will be pivotal for harnessing the full potential of NPs in sustainable crop production.

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Specific Physiological and Molecular Response of Nanoparticle Exposure to Crop Plants

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Manoj Kumar Srinivasan,
  • Siva Sankari Thirugnanam,
  • Subasri Pandian,
  • Harish Krishnan,
  • Kamalesh Balakumar Venkatesan,
  • Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj

摘要

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as transformative tools in agriculture, offering innovative solutions to enhance plant growth, stress resilience, and productivity. Their distinct physicochemical properties enable efficient uptake, translocation, and accumulation within plant tissues, providing targeted strategies to mitigate environmental and physiological stressors such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity. This chapter underscores the multifaceted roles of NPs in enhancing crop performance, emphasizing their ability to improve water retention, regulate osmotic balance, and activate antioxidant defense mechanisms. At the molecular level, nanoparticle exposure triggers the modulation of stress-responsive genes, activation of key signaling pathways, and synthesis of protective metabolites, fostering improved plant adaptability. Additionally, NPs facilitate nutrient uptake and alleviate deficiencies or toxicities, further supporting sustainable crop health. However, challenges persist in ensuring the safe, sustainable, and effective application of NPs, addressing phytotoxicity risks, and evaluating long-term environmental impacts. Advancing research in biocompatible NP synthesis, elucidating plant-NPs interactions at the molecular scale, and integrating nanotechnology into precision agriculture will be pivotal for harnessing the full potential of NPs in sustainable crop production.