Healthcare project management requires a nuanced approach capable of navigating rapid changes while adhering to strict regulatory requirements. Traditional methodologies via PMI/PRINCE2 offer structured risk management and documentation, but their rigidity can be limiting in dynamic healthcare environments. Conversely, Agile’s flexibility allows for quick adaptation but may lack the oversight needed for regulatory compliance. This paper investigates the current state of the latest literature from 2012 to 2024 to conduct a systematic literature review, utilising PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 4,717 extract studies, this paper analysed 38 relevant studies ensuring the quality of the filtration process. The findings from the final set of selected studies suggest balancing robust planning with iterative flexibility, healthcare projects can meet regulatory demands while responding to evolving patient and technology needs. This study provides the latest challenges and trends that promise improved stakeholder engagement, regulatory adherence and overall project efficiency in the healthcare sector.