Classical, Renaissance and Baroque Precedents in Europe
摘要
During the Renaissance, in Europe at least, poetic forms such as the villanelle, sonnet, ballad and narrative poems as well as broader categories of type of poems like lyric, elegy and romance were developed or further developed from classical models. Most of these were closely associated with song; there has been less research on the associations with dance patterns. The Renaissance dance forms included: bassadance, pavane, almain, galliard and coranto. The two main types were court and country dances. With increasing internationalism in the 16th and 17th centuries, these poetic and dance forms began to proliferate. Ballet and social dance took different directions. On the social side the quadrille, evolving from the four-couple cotillion, became popular by the late eighteenth century. The minuet and contradance also became significant forms in the eighteenth century, particularly as a movement towards larger group dances emerged. Poetically, this was a period of celebration of formal genres for poetry, again looking back to classical models, like the ode and elegy. The rise of the libretto and its underpinning of masques and other semi-theatrical performances signified a coming-together of dance and poetry. The period also witnessed a proliferation of scholarly works and manuals like Feuillet’s Choréographie (1700), including notations for the range of dances that were emerging.