The synthesis of nanoparticles while preserving their inherited characteristics and size-dependent properties is still a challenge that pushes researchers to their limits. With the understanding of plasma engineering and the development of laser and laser-based material processing, researchers could absorb them into nanoparticle synthesis. As a result, different plasma synthesis techniques and laser ablation techniques were introduced and developed over the years. As the understanding of the principle improves over time, the techniques and methodologies have evolved to match the specific requirements. In this chapter, principles of plasma synthesis techniques and laser-based nanoparticle synthesis techniques will be presented. Along with that, some key research will be discussed with an overview and a highlight of their contributions to the development.