Prabowo Subianto, in his role as defence minister (2019–2024), embarked on a series of extensive official overseas visits, showcasing a robust commitment to defence diplomacy as a central pillar of Indonesia’s national security strategy. These strategic engagements were designed to forge international partnerships to bolster Indonesia’s military modernisation, particularly within the framework of the Minimum Essential Force (MEF) scheme. This chapter examines the strategy of Indonesia’s defence diplomacy under Prabowo Subianto and its implications to military modernisation. Prabowo’s frequent international engagements marked a departure from his predecessor who emphasised more on domestic engagements. This study analyses the approach and outcomes of Prabowo’s defence diplomacy, notably its impact on the Indonesian National Armed Forces’ (TNI) arms modernisation plan. The study also highlights several key challenges, namely coordination issues between the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, outdated equipment, and fiscal management concerns. The chapter’s focus on the impacts of defence diplomacy on Indonesia’s military modernisation is the primary contribution of this study to the existing literature on Indonesia’s defence diplomacy.