Water is a critical natural resource for life on earth, as well as one of the most vulnerable ecological niches. Every day, about two million tons of pollutantsPollutants were released into the water, including sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural waste. This resulted in raising a global concern linked to their potential middle- and long-term impacts on wildlife, aquatic environments, livestock, animals’ health, and production. Only about 8% of the least-developed countries carry out wastewater treatment. These practices generate a variety of pollutantsPollutants, including bacteriaBacteria, virusesViruses, protozoaProtozoa, antibiotic-resistant genes, and heavy metalsHeavy metals. Animal exposure to wastewater is associated with dangerous animal diseases, which may impede productivity, increase economic losses, and hurt human healthHuman health. Wastewater pollution diseases are associated with hypertension, proximal renal tubular damage, anemia, cardiac disease, and nervous system damage. Treated wastewaterTreated wastewater (TWW) was found to have several effects on fish growth rate and survivability. Adult fish exposed to diluted TWW showed markedly higher atretic oocyte production, decreased embryo production, and abnormalities. As a result of these pollutants, aquacultureAquaculture products may experience convulsions, reduced feeding, slow growth, hypoxia, damaged gills, endocrine and immune system dysfunction, as well as death in serious cases. This chapter provides an overview of the various sources and types ofWater pollutants wastewater pollutantsPollutants, together with the risks they pose to humans and animals and focuses on aquaculture’sAquaculture health and production.