Soil stabilization is a basic component of geotechnical engineering that focuses on increasing the strength and stability of soil for structural purposes. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the application of synthetic and natural fiber as ground stabilizer with insights into their corresponding performance, advantages and limitations over different type’s soil condition under various environmental scenarios. In this review, the trade-focused breakdown is more systematic and distinguishes two major fiber groups: synthetic fibers; natural fibers. In order to increase the tensile strength and make it more durable, high-strength synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, polyester or aramid is used for raw material of geogrid. Due to their versatility, as well as resistance against attack by chemicals, polypropylene fibers are regarded very suitable for different soil stabilization applications. Polypropylene fibers are versatile and chemical-resistant, making them perfect for soil stabilization. Polyester fibers are ideal for outdoor and UV-exposed applications because to their sun resistance and moisture stability. Aramid fibers are stronger and more effective in high-load applications, but they cost more. Increasingly, natural fibers like jute, coir, sugarcane, and bamboo are being used that is eco-friendly besides affordable. As a natural fiber, jute fiber is widely available and fully biodegradable material that allows significant improvement to soil erosion control and stabilization. Coir fibers, obtained from the husks of coconuts have excellent tensile and durability properties which render them as highly efficient media for polymer soil reinforcement in loose sandy soils. The article presents an overview of laboratory and field tests to assess the influence on soil properties (i.e., shear strength; compaction, CBR value) by different types, lengths or orientation distributions of fibers. The chapter provides insights into some important aspects of the influence on soil behavior, enhanced load-carrying ability and reduction in erosion/shear instability behaviors using fiber reinforcement. Apart from the performance evaluation, environmental, and sustainability aspects of using synthetic vs natural fibers are discussed in the review. Cost differentials between synthetic and natural fiber offerings are also evaluated along with economic impacts. Overall, the review underlines that priority shall be given to selecting right fiber type based on a particular project needs as its highlight the variety of soil conditions and environmental factors which might determine also budgetary requirements. It promotes a well-balanced approach using both synthetic and natural fibers to get the best stabilization outcome. This paper aims to guide engineers and researchers in making informed decisions about fiber-based stabilization techniques, fostering innovation and sustainability in geotechnical practices.