Low back pain is a leading global cause of disability, with 619 million prevalent cases reported worldwide as of 2021. While serious causes like vertebral fractures and infections are rare, most cases stem from natural degenerative changes in spinal structures such as intervertebral discs, facet joints, and vertebral end plates. Beyond anatomical factors, psychological components play a crucial role in pain and disability. Recognized as ‘yellow flags’, these psychological factors are linked to increased risk of disability and can be addressed through behavioral and cognitive interventions. This chapter explores the significance of psychological, behavioral, and cognitive factors in degenerative spinal disorders, emphasizing the need for integrated treatment approaches that address both physical and psychological aspects of pain.