Fused deposition modelling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), has emerged as a groundbreaking 3D printing technology due to its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the FDM process, focusing on its advantages and limitations. FDM utilizes material extrusion to construct 3D objects based on computer-aided design (CAD) models. It is commonly employed in the fabrication of thermoplastic parts and prototypes, as well as in the prototyping of ceramics, metals, concretes, polymers, and their composites. However, FDM printing is process parameter-dependent, leading to potential issues with surface quality and the layer-wise appearance of printed parts. Additionally, the range of materials suitable for FDM printing is limited primarily to thermoplastic polymers such as PLA (polylactic acid) or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Post-processing steps, such as sanding, painting, or chemical smoothing, are often necessary to enhance surface finish and mechanical properties. By optimizing process parameters and considering post-processing techniques, users can improve the accuracy, strength, and surface finish of FDM-printed objects.