This book chapter presents an exploration of the innovative utilization of natural polymers and fibers in personalized drug delivery systems. Natural polymers and fibers, sourced from renewable biopolymers such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, and silk, offer unique properties that make them promising candidates for personalized medicine applications. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable physicochemical properties enable the design of tailored drug delivery systems to meet individual patient needs. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics, formulation approaches, and applications of natural polymers and fibers in personalized drug delivery. It discusses the mechanisms of drug release, stability considerations, and regulatory aspects associated with incorporating these biomaterials into pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in harnessing the potential of natural polymers and fibers for personalized drug delivery.