This chapter argues that international scholarship on resilience-building in rural places needs to more fully consider the effects of changing local populations and demographics. This is particularly salient in the English rural context, with many local populations being dramatically restructured since the beginning of the millennium and confronted with unprecedented permacrises. Providing the first specific examination of rural population change in England over the first quarter of the twenty-first century, descriptive analyses of 2001 and 2021 census data using the Defra 2011 Local Authority District Rural Urban Classification are presented. Framed by a comparative lens on urban populations, local population changes in different types of rural and urban location, and, more specifically, increasing and decreasing proportions of population by four main age bands, are identified. It is revealed that rural England is now more fully differentiated by age and associated lifecourses, and it is asserted that these diverse rural geographies need be more fully integrated into international dialogues of rural resilience-building in the face of particular risks, chronic challenges, and unexpected shocks.