Fixed-term employment (FTE) is becoming increasingly common in the tertiary education sector worldwide. While it provides institutions with operational flexibility, it also raises concerns about job security, career advancement, and fair benefits. This study examines FTE practices in India and Australia, highlighting their legal frameworks, institutional policies, and socio-economic effects. Key findings indicate that India’s flexible, yet loosely regulated FTE framework often compromises job stability and career progression, whereas Australia’s more structured system under the Fair Work Act provides better protections but still faces issues related to casualization. Both systems show weaknesses in enforcement and equitable treatment of fixed-term employees. The paper suggests measures to improve employment stability, such as extending contract lengths, regulating FTE ratios, ensuring transparent employment policies, and providing equitable access to career development opportunities.