Soil, a complex ecosystem of interdependent life-support systems comprising air, water, minerals, and organic matter, including closely interacting macro- and microorganisms, plays a fundamental role in food and nutritional security. Soil degradation due to pollution and other associated factors threatens the quality and quantity of food produced, directly impacting human life. Thus, improving soil quality is a major challenge to sustain productive agriculture. Biochar, a carbon-rich material mainly produced from waste biomass through pyrolysis, has received considerable attention recently as a potentially valuable soil amendment to improve soil quality in various ways. Despite the accelerated global initiatives in research involving biochar and its multifarious applications, several critical aspects still remain unaddressed. Soil amendment through biochar has proved to be a cost-effective and sustainable option for improving soil health, thus ensuring agricultural productivity vis-à-vis food and nutritional security. This chapter aims to provide insights into the diverse aspects of biochar, such as the techniques involved in biochar production, its physical and chemical attributes, and value addition in terms of engineered biochar. The role of biochar in influencing soil microflora, carbon sequestration, and nutrient cycling has been discussed. The emerging trends of biochar and engineered biochar such as biochar–nanocomposites, biochar–microbial composites, biochar–clay (mineral) composites, and biochar–enzyme composites have been discussed for their functional role in the sustainable enhancement of soil health and increase in agricultural productivity.