This chapter discusses the major findings of the study in relation to the research questions. Specifically, the four research questions addressed Chinese primary school EFL teachers’ conceptions of CBA purposes and processes, the effects of teacher attributes (teaching experience, and previous education in assessment) and work environments (school type and grade level) on teachers’ conceptions, teachers’ CBA practices, and the relationship between teachers’ CBA conceptions and practices. To guide the discussion, a summary of the findings regarding each research question is first presented, followed by an interpretation of the findings in relation to the literature and the study’s context.