The transforming ability of biodegradable waste is capable of creating sustainable bioproducts and bioenergy. Three areas are involved in the production of such end-products, including biofuels and biochemicals, bio-based polymers and plastics, and the generation of biogas and biohydrogen from biodegradable resources. These include a discussion on the production of biofuels and biochemicals from waste biomass and more precisely: the production of renewable fuels, ethanol and biodiesel, and the more valuable chemicals, such as organic acids and specialty enzymes, which can be produced based on diverse feedstocks through innovative conversion technologies. This includes next discussion about bio-based polymers and bioplastics that will provide sustainable future as they will provide alternative plastics made by renewable feedstocks that would have increased biodegradability, application to the food packaging consumer goods, and industrial sectors for showing decrease in carbon emission, compostability at last, and even biogas and biohydrogen production from anaerobic digestion and fermentation had been studied for the potentials of biogas and biohydrogen in clean sources renewable. These will fuel systems ranging from small-scale combined heat and power units to fuel cells. Emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced and energy independence is enhanced. The chapter shows how bioproducts and bioenergy eliminate waste and lead toward sustainability, based on placing biodegradable waste as a resource for the future’s energy and material needs. This enables entrance into a resilient resource-efficient and environmentally sustainable future.